"He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation; because by means of him all [other] things were created in the heavens and upon the earth, the things visible and the things invisible, no matter whether they are thrones or lordships or governments or authorities. All [other] things have been created through him and for him. Also, he is before all [other] things and by means of him all [other] things were made to exists." (Col. 1:15-17, The New World Translation).
cornerst writes: Please note that this passage does not say Jesus was the "first created," but that He was the "first-born." The Bible doesn't use the Greek word for "first created (protoktizo), but firstborn (prototokos) of all creation.
Response: It should be noted that protoktizo was not in common use back in the first century, and would not be for a 100 to 200 years after Christ. Interestingly though, when this word was eventually used, it was used of Christ. John Patrick, in his Clement of Alexandria notes:
"Clement repeatedly identifies the Word with the Wisdom of God, and yet refers to Wisdom as the first-created of God; while in one passage he attaches the epithet "First-created," and in another "First-begotten," to the Word." p.103,104, note 6.
The Philosophy of the Church Fathers, Volume 1 Faith, Trinity, Incarnation, by Harry Austryn Wolfson, 2nd Edition, Revised:
"Zahn casually remarks that Clement 'always makes a sharp distinction between the only uncreated God the Father and the Son or Logos who was begotten or created before the rest of creation.'...1. cf. Th. Zahn, "Supplementum Clementinium", (1884), 144, p. 204, 92
"It is undoubtably with reference to this "coming forth" of the Logos prior to the creation of the world that Clement speaks of the Logos as "firstborn" [protogonos] and of wisdom, which he idtentified with the Logos, as the "first-created" [protoktistos]...30 Strom. VI, Ibid. V. 14., ibid. p 209
cornerst writes: The word "firstborn" refers to a position of pre-eminence rather than a time of birth. Rights and privileges were usually bestowed upon the child who was born first, but those rights did not always go to him. Manasseh was the first one born, but Jacob (Israel) blessed Ephraim instead of Manasseh and gave him the position of first-born (Gen. 48:13-22). In Jeremiah 31:9, God declares Ephraim to be His first-born, even though Manasseh was born first.
The same is true with Jacob and Esau. Although Esau was the first one born, Jacob (whose name was change to Israel) received his brother's birthright and his father's blessing and became the first-born. The nation of Israel was named after him, and the Lord calls Israel His first-born (Ex. 4:22). Here again, first-born refers to rank and privilege. It means first in importance, not first in time. The nation of Israel was not the first-born of a woman and not even the first nation to exist. But God called it the first-born among all the nations. In the same way, Jesus is the first-born of all creation.
The "first-born of the poor" (Isa. 14:30) means "the poorest of the poor." The "first-born of death" (Job 18:13) means Job's disease was the most terrible of diseases. The "first-born" of the kings means the highest of the kings of the earth (Ps. 89:27). David (v.20) was the last one born in his family, but was called the firstborn. The "first-born of the dead" (Col. 1:18, Rev. 1:5) means that Jesus is pre-eminent over death.
Response: But how many of us know that the word PRWTOTOKOS is not used in Greek LXX in Job 18:13 and Isaiah 14:30? Let us look for examples where it is used mostly followed by the genitive like "of":
Verses used are from the English Translation of The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament by Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton, 1844, 1851.
LXX Genesis 4:4 And Abel also brought of the first born of his sheep
and of his fatlings, and God looked upon Abel and his gifts,
LXX Genesis 25:13 And these are the names of the sons of Ismael, according
to the names of their generations. The firstborn of Ismael, Nabaioth,
and Kedar, and Nabdeel, and Massam,
LXX Genesis 27:19 And Jacob said to his father, I, Esau thy
first-born, have done as thou toldest me; rise, sit, and eat of my
venison, that they soul may bless me.
LXX Genesis 35:23 The sons of Lea, the first-born of Jacob; Ruben,
Symeon, Levi, Judas, Issachar, Zabulon.
LXX Genesis 36:15 These are the chiefs of the son of Esau, even the sons of
Eliphas, the first-born of Esau; chief Thaeman, chief Omar, chief
Sophar, chief Kenez,
LXX Genesis 38:6 And Judas took a wife for Er his first-born, whose
name was Thamar.
LXX Genesis 38:7 And Er, the first-born of Judas, was wicked before
the Lord; and God killed him.
LXX Genesis 46:8 And these are the names of the sons of Israel that went
into Egypt with their father Jacob-- Jacob and his sons. The first-born
of Jacob, Ruben.
LXX Genesis 49:3 Ruben, thou art my first-born, thou my strength, and
the first of my children, hard to be endured, hard and self-willed.
LXX Exodus 4:22 And thou shalt say to Pharao, These things saith the Lord,
Israel is my first-born.
LXX Exodus 6:14 And these are the heads of the houses of their families: the
sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel; Enoch and Phallus, Asron, and
Charmi, this is the kindred of Ruben.
LXX Exodus 11:5 And every first-born in the land of Egypt shall die, from
the first-born of Pharao that sits on the throne, even to the
first-born of the woman-servant that is by the mill, and to the
first-born of all cattle.
LXX Exodus 12:29 And it came to pass at midnight that the Lord smote all the
first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharao that
sat on the throne, to the first-born of the captive-maid in the
dungeon, and the first-born of all cattle.
LXX Exodus 13:13 Every offspring opening the womb of the ass thou shalt
change for a sheep; and if thou wilt not change it, thou shalt redeem it:
every first-born of man of thy sons shalt thou redeem.
LXX Exodus 13:15 And when Pharao hardened his heart so as not to send us
away, he slew every first-born in the land of Egypt, both the first-born
of man and the first-born of beast; therefore do I sacrifice
every offspring that opens the womb, the males to the Lord, and every
first-born of my sons I will redeem.
LXX Exodus 22:29 Thou shalt not keep back the first-fruits of thy threshing
floor and press. The first-born of thy sons thou shalt give to me.
LXX Exodus 34:19 The males are mine, everything that opens the womb; every
first-born of oxen, and every first-born of sheep.
LXX Exodus 34:20 And the first-born of an ass thou shalt redeem with
a sheep, and if thou wilt not redeem it thou shalt pay a price: every
first-born of thy sons shalt thou redeem: thou shalt not appear
before me empty.
LXX Numbers 1:20 And the sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel
according to their kindreds, according to their divisions, according to the
houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according
to their heads, were-- all males from twenty years old and upward, every one
that went out with the host--
LXX Numbers 3:40 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Count every
first-born male of the children of Israel from a month old and upwards,
and take the number by name.
LXX Numbers 3:41 And thou shalt take the Levites for me-- I am the Lord--
instead of all the first-born of the sons of Israel, and the cattle
of the Levites instead of all the first-born among the cattle of the
children of Israel.
LXX Numbers 3:45 Take the Levites instead of all the first-born of the
sons of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle,
and the Levites shall be mine; I am the Lord.
LXX Numbers 3:46 And for the ransoms of the two hundred and seventy-three
which exceed the Levites in number of the first-born of the sons of
Israel;
LXX Numbers 3:50 He took the silver from the first-born of the sons of
Israel, a thousand three hundred and sixty-five shekels, according to
the holy shekel.
LXX Numbers 8:16 For these are given to me for a present out of the midst of
the children of Israel: I have taken them to myself instead of all the
first-born of the sons of Israel that open every womb.
LXX Numbers 8:17 For every first-born among the children of Israel is
mine, whether of man or beast: in the day in which I smote every
first-born in the land of Egypt, I sanctified them to myself.
LXX Numbers 18:15 And every thing that opens the womb of all flesh,
whatsoever they bring to the Lord, whether man or beast, shall be thine:
only the first-born of men shall be surely redeemed, and thou shalt
redeem the first-born of unclean cattle.
LXX Numbers 18:17 But thou shalt not redeem the first-born of calves
and the first-born of sheep and the first-born of goats;
they are holy: and thou shalt pour their blood upon the altar, and thou
shalt offer the fat as a burnt-offering for a smell of sweet savour to the
Lord.
LXX Numbers 26:5 Ruben was the first-born of Israel: and the sons of
ruben, Enoch, and the family of Enoch; to Phallu belongs the family of the
Phalluites.
LXX Deuteronomy 12:6 And ye shall carry thither your whole-burnt-offerings,
and your sacrifices, and your first-fruits, and your vowed-offerings, and
your freewill-offerings, and your offerings of thanksgiving, the
first-born of your herds, and of your flocks.
LXX Deuteronomy 12:17 Thou shalt not be able to eat in thy cities the tithe
of thy corn, and of thy wine, and of thine oil, the first-born of thine
herd and of thy flock, and all your vows as many as ye shall have
vowed, and your thank-offerings, and the first-fruits of thine hands.
LXX Deuteronomy 14:23 And thou shalt eat it in the place which the Lord thy
God shall choose to have his name called there; ye shall bring the tithe of
thy corn and of thy wine, and of thine oil, the first-born of thy herd
and of thy flock, that thou mayest learn to fear the Lord thy God
always.
LXX Deuteronomy 15:19 Every first-born that shall be born among thy kine and
thy sheep, thou shalt sanctify the males to the Lord thy God; thou shalt not
work with thy first-born calf, and thou shalt not shear the first-born of
thy sheep.
LXX Deuteronomy 33:17 His beauty is as the firstling of his bull, his
horns are the horns of a unicorn; with them he shall thrust the nations at
once, even from the end of the earth: these are the ten thousands of
Ephraim, and these are the thousands of Manasse.
LXX Joshua 6:26 And Joshua adjured them on that day before the Lord, saying,
Cursed be the man who shall build that city: he shall lay the foundation of
it in his first-born, and he shall set up the gates of it in his
youngest son. And so did Hozan of Baethel; he laid the foundation in Abiron
his first-born, and set up the gates of it in his youngest surviving son.
LXX Joshua 17:1 And the borders of the tribe of the children of Manasse,
(for he was the first-born of Joseph) assigned to Machir the
firstborn of Manasse the father of Galaad, for he was a warrior, were
in the land of Galaad and of Basan.
LXX 2 Samuel 3:2 And sons were born to David in Chebron: and his
first-born was Ammon the son of Achinoom the Jezraelitess.
LXX 2 Samuel 13:21 And king David heard of all these things, and was very
angry; but he did not grieve the spirit of his son Amnon, because be loved
him, for he was his first-born.
LXX 1 Kings 16:34 And in his days Achiel the Baethelite built Jericho; he
laid the foundation of it in Abiron his first-born, and he set up the
doors of it in Segub his younger son, according to the word of the Lord
which he spoke by Joshua the son of Naue.
LXX 1 Chronicles 1:29 And these are their generations: the first-born of
Ismael, Nabaeoth, and Kedar, Nabdeel, Massam,
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:3 The sons of Juda; Er, Aunan, Selom. These three were
born to him of the daughter of Sava the Chananitish woman: and Er, the
first-born of Juda, was wicked before the Lord, and he slew him.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:13 And Jessae begot his first-born Eliab, Aminadab
was the second, Samaa the third,
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:25 And the sons of Jerameel the first-born of Esron
were, the first-born Ram, and Banaa, and Aram, and Asan his brother.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:27 And the sons of Ram the first-born of Jerameel
were Maas, and Jamin, and Acor.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:42 And the sons of Chaleb the brother of Jerameel were,
Marisa his first-born, he is the father of Ziph:-- and the sons of
Marisa the father of Chebron.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:50 These were the sons of Chaleb: the sons of Or the
first-born of Ephratha; Sobal the father of Cariathiarim,
LXX 1 Chronicles 3:15 And the sons of Josia; the first-born Joanan,
the second Joakim, the third Sedekias, the fourth Salum.
LXX 1 Chronicles 4:4 And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Jazer the father
of Osan: these are the sons of Or, the first-born of Ephratha, the
father of Baethalaen.
LXX 1 Chronicles 5:1 And the sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel
(for he was the first-born; but because of his going up to his father's
couch, his father gave his blessing to his son Joseph, even the son Israel;
and he was not reckoned as first-born;
LXX 1 Chronicles 5:3 The sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel;
Enoch, and Phallus, Asrom, and Charmi.
LXX 1 Chronicles 6:28 The sons of Samuel; the first-born Sani, and
Abia.
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:1 Now Benjamin begot Bale his first-born, and
Asbel his second son, Aara the third, Noa the fourth,
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:30 And her first-born son was Abdon, and Sur, and
Kis, and Baal, and Nadab, and Ner,
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:38 And Esel had six sons, and these were their name;
Ezricam his first-born, and Ismael, and Saraia, and Abdia, and Anan,
and Asa: all these were the sons of Esel.
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:39 And the sons of Asel his brother; AElam his
first-born, and Jas the second, and Eliphalet the third.
LXX 1 Chronicles 9:5 And of the Selonites; Asaia his first-born, and
his sons.
LXX 1 Chronicles 9:36 And his first-born son was Abdon, and he had
Sur, and Kis, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab,
LXX 1 Chronicles 9:44 And Esel had six sons, and these were their names;
Esricam his first-born, and Ismael, and Saraia, and Abdia, and Anan,
and Asa: these were the sons of Esel.
LXX 1 Chronicles 26:6 And to Samaias his son were born the sons of his
first-born, chiefs over the house of their father, for they were mighty.
LXX Nehemiah 10:36 the first-born of our sons, and of our
cattle, as it is written in the law, and the first-born of our herds
and of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, for the
priests that minister in the house of our God.
LXX Psalm 135:8 Who smote the first-born of Egypt, both man and
beast.
LXX Psalm 136:10 To him who smote Egypt with their first-born; for
his mercy endures for ever.
LXX Jeremiah 31:9 (38:9) They went forth with weeping, and I will bring them
back with consolation, causing them to lodge by the channels of waters in a
straight way, and they shall not err in it: for I am become a father to
Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born.
LXX Micah 6:7 Will the Lord accept thousands of rams, or ten thousands of
fat goats? should I give my first-born for ungodliness, the fruit of
my body for the sin of my soul?
As you can see there are many examples of the firstborn[PRWTOTOKOS] as a separate, subordinate, and most of the time the actual FIRST BORN member of a family.
It should be noted too, that Jesus, unlike Ephraim, Jacob and Israel, was never GIVEN the title of "firstborn". He was simply spoken of as firstborn in the temporal sense in passages like the ones at Col. 1:15, 18, Heb. 1:6, Rev. 1:5 and Romans 8:29.
When this changes, "the firstborn of" is used as part of a group. If it is "the firstborn of" Israel(Ex. 6:14), it is one of the sons of Israel, if it is "the firstborn of" Pharoah(Ex. 11:5) it is a member of the house of Pharoah, if it is "the firstborn of" beasts(Ex. 13:15) then it is an animal also. Why then should this rule be changed as it applies to "the firstborn of" creation? Obviously Jesus is a created being, as he was historically always thought to be the Wisdom of Proverbs. Is this a stretch?
"She [Wisdom] is God's associate in his works, and his agent in making all things (Prov 8:22-30; see also Jn 1:3; Col 1:16; Heb 1:2)." footnote at Wisdom 8:2-21 in the New Oxford Annotated Bible-NRSV
"The doctrine of wisdom, thus outlined in the OT, will be resumed in the NT which will give it new and decisive completion by applying it to the person of Christ
Jesus is referred to as Wisdom itself, the Wisdom of God, Mt 11:19 par.; Lk 11:49, cf. Mt 23:34-36; 1 Co 1:24-30; like Wisdom, he participates in the creation and preservation of the world, Col 1:16-17, and the protection of Israel, 1Co 10:4, cf. Ws 10:17seq.
Finally, John in his prologue attributes the characteristics of creative Wisdom to the
Word, and his gospel throughout represents Christ as the Wisdom of God. See Jn 6:35t.
Hence, Christian tradition from St Justin onwards sees in the Wisdom of the OT the
person of Christ himself." footnote New Jerusalem Bible at Prov 8.
Why is this damaging to Trinitarians? Because Wisdom was created!
"He created me from the beginning, before the world, and I shall never cease."Sirach24:9
The Interpreter's Bible [p.830] says of Prov 8:22: "The verb QANAH may be translated either way. In view of the statements made in the following verses concerning wisdom, it would seem that the RSV translates correctly; cf. also the following quotations from Ecclesiasticus:
Wisdom was created before them all,
And sound intelligence from eternity (Ecclus 1:4)
The Lord himself created her (Ecclus 1:9
Then the Creator of all gave me his command;
And he who created me made my tent rest (Ecclus 24:8 AT)."
Also see Proverbs 8:22 NRSV, "The LORD created me at the beginning of his work."
"The LORD formed me as the first of his works, the beginning of
his deeds of old." Smith&Goodspeed
cornerst writes:The New World Translation adds the word "other" four times, which is not in the Greek. They add to Scripture to make it look like Jesus was the first-created thing among God's creation. According to Jehovah's Witnesses, God created Jesus and then Jesus created all other things. This mistranslation of Col. 1:16-17 presents a problem for the Jehovah's Witnesses. Isaiah 44:24 says, "Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, and the one who formed you from the womb, 'I, the LORD, am the maker of all things, stretching out the heavens by Myself, and spreading out the earth all alone'". How is it possible for the LORD (Jehovah) to stretch out the heavens alone and yet Jesus, "the first created thing," be the one who did it? They can't both be true. Jesus is not the created, but the Creator (John 1:3,10, Heb. 1:10, Col. 1:16).
Response: Well let us see if John 1:3,10, Heb. 1:10, Col. 1:16 picture Jesus as the creator.
"And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning didst lay the foundation of the earth, And the heavens are the works of thy hands". Heb. 1:10 ASV
In Hebrews 1:10-12 the apostle Paul uses a scripture earlier applied to Jehovah in Ps. 102. Does that make them the same person? No! For instance verse 8 says, "But of the Son [he saith,]
Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever; And the sceptre of uprightness is the sceptre of thy kingdom." These words were earlier applied to King Solomon in Ps. 45:6 (see also 2Sam. 7:14). Is King Solomon the same person as Jesus? No! Jesus is simply doing a work earlier prefigured by Solomon, also sharing some of the qualities of Solomon, such as wisdom. So when it comes to Jehovah in Ps. 102 the writer here attributes these qualities to Jesus Christ, because Jesus is the one whom God used in the work of creation and to whom he has now committed all authority "in heaven and on the earth." (Matt. 28:18; Col. 1:15-17) Jesus represents the God that no one has ever seen to us fully in all his qualities and actions.(John 1:18)
Psalm 22, attributed to David, relates, partly in figurative language, some of the sufferings of Christ. (Compare Psalm 22:1 with Mark 15:34; also compare the entire psalm with the four gospel accounts of Jesus' trial and impalement.) Are Jesus and David the same person? No! A scripture in Matthew 2:15 applies to Jesus, but the earlier reference in Hosea 11:1 applies to Israel. Does than make them the same? No! There is a prophecy about Elijah in Malachi 4:5 that is applied to John the Baptist in Matthew 17:12,13; 11:14. Is John the Baptist really Elijah? No! They just did a similar work. I think you get the point. For more on this verse, click here.
"John 1:3 All things were made through him; and without him was not anything made
that hath been made. {1:10} He was in the world, and the world was made
through him, and the world knew him not." ASV
In looking at the Greek word here for "apart from" CWRIS, Thayer's Greek Lexicon says of its occurence in John 1:3 "without the intervention (participation or co-operation) of one."
In this way, the Bible in Living English handles it superbly, "Everything was made by his agency." Jn 1:3
Even Origen acknowledged this, "And the apostle Paul says in his epistle to the Hebrews: 'At the end of the days He spoke to us in his Son, whom He made heir of all things, 'through whom' also He made the ages, " showing us that God made the ages through His Son, the 'through whom' belonging, when the ages were made to the Only-begotten. Thus if all things were made, as in this passage also, THROUGH [DIA] the Logos, then they were not made by the Logos, but by a stronger and greater than He. And who else could this but the Father?"
Origen's Commentary on John, ANF 10, Book 2, chap. 6, p. 328
This scripture ties into the next one at Colossians 1:16. As we can see, the world was made "through him". We have already seen that Wisdom was created, but he was also with him at creation. "When he marked out the foundations of the earth; Then I was beside him, like a master workman; And I was daily his delight, rejoicing before him always." Prov. 8:29, 30 RSV
The bible tells us that the angels were there too:"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? Declare, if thou hast understanding....When the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy? Job 38:4,7 ASV But as we can see from Proverbs, Wisdom/Jesus shared a special relationship with his God Jehovah.
Col 1:16 "for in him were all things created, in the heavens and upon the earth,
things visible and things invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers; all things have been created through him, and unto him" ASV
Again we see that all things were "created thru him". This is only right, after all the Bible says: "For there is one God, one mediator also between God and men, [himself] man, Christ Jesus." 1 Tim. 2:5 ASV Now a mediator cannot be the person he is mediating for. For instance Moses is also called a mediator at Gal. 3:19. Moses, like Jesus, shared a special relationship with God. Both were even called by the respectful title "god", (Ex. 7:1; John 1:1) though Jesus is mightier than Moses. (Is. 9:6)
But let us expand further. Let us look at Hebrews 1:
"In the past God spoke to our ancestors many times and in many ways through the prophets, {1:2} but in these last days he has spoken to us through his Son. He is the one through whom God created the universe." TEV
In verse 1, God spoke. The prophets were intermediate agents (Greek: EN).
God uses agents to carry out his will.
In verse 2, God spoke, but just like the prophets, the Son was an intermediate agent (Greek: EN).
For example, Col 1:16 does not teach that Jesus is the almighty creator. Rather, it uses same Greek preposition EN which is used of the Son with an active source in the context (like the Father in vss. 12 and 13). The Father redeems "BY/IN/THROUGH" (Greek: EN) the Son. The Father creates "BY/IN/THROUGH" (Greek: EN) the Son. Since the Father creates "BY/IN/THROUGH" Son as agent, it is necessary that the creation of the Son was a special case. That is why Paul explicitly says that the Son is the "firstborn of" all creation ( PRWTOTOKOS), the "first-begotten of all creatures" Tyndale. Tyndale also refers to Jesus in Rev. 3:14 as the "beginning of the creatures of God."
In John 1:3 it is clear that agency is intended since DIA is used with a passive verb, or created "THROUGH" (not "by") the Word. That "through" is the clear meaning and not "by" is made explicitly clear by Paul when he said of the relationship between God and Christ in 1 Cor 8:5,6: "One God, the Father, out of (Greek: EK) whom all things are, and we unto him; and one lord, Jesus Christ "through" (Greek: DIA) whom all things are, and we through him. "
When you consider all the times that God and Christ Jesus are mentioned in Colossians, the Spirit is mentioned a scant 2 times. Hardly a Trinity! "You simply simply cannot find the doctrine of the Trinity set out anywhere in the Bible. St Paul has the highest view of Jesus' role and person, but nowhere does he call him God. Nor does Jesus himself explicitly claim to be the second person of the Trinity, wholly equal to his heavenly Father." -- For Christ's Sake by Tom Harpur (Anglican Priest).
It should be noted that Trinitarians do not beleive that Jesus is the Father. They believe that the Father is God, and that the Son, Jesus, is equally God. Yet they are not the same, but at the same time they are not plural, but one. So when trinitarians say that Jesus is God, they don't really mean that. What they mean is that Jesus is God the Son, the second person of a consubstantial Trinity. A phrase that is never used in the Bible!
cornerst writes: The New World Translation adds the word "other" four times, which is not in the Greek.
Response: Now let's look at the insertion of the word "other" in the New World Translation at
Colossians chapter 1. We are going to start of by looking at some other scriptures where this is
done.
Luke 21:29
"Look at the fig tree, and all the trees." Revised Standard Version (RSV)
"Think of the fig tree and all the other trees." Good News Bible (TEV)
"Consider the fig tree and all the other trees." New American Bible(NAB)
Luke 11:42
"and every herb." Revised Version(RV)
"and of every [other] vegetables." NWT
"and all the other herbs." TEV
"and all other kinds of garden herbs." New International Version
In both these instances the word "other" was not in the original text, but translators felt a need
to put it in there. Can they do that even without brackets?
"A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other early Chrisitian Literature" by F. Blass and
A. Debrunner states that it is not uncommon for the greek to omit the word "other".
The book Theology and Bias in Bible Translations by Professor Rolf Furuli when talking about
the word "other" in the Col. 1:16 in the NWT says, "This means that the brackets that NWT uses
around OTHER may be removed, because the word OTHER is no addition or interpolation, but
in a given context it is a legitimate part of PAS."
Have you ever noticed all those words in italics in the King James Version and the New American Standard Version? Those are words that are not in the original text, yet there are thousands of them.
cornerst writes: Please note that this passage does not say Jesus was the "first created," but that He was the "first-born." The Bible doesn't use the Greek word for "first created (protoktizo), but firstborn (prototokos) of all creation.
Response: It should be noted that protoktizo was not in common use back in the first century, and would not be for a 100 to 200 years after Christ. Interestingly though, when this word was eventually used, it was used of Christ. John Patrick, in his Clement of Alexandria notes:
"Clement repeatedly identifies the Word with the Wisdom of God, and yet refers to Wisdom as the first-created of God; while in one passage he attaches the epithet "First-created," and in another "First-begotten," to the Word." p.103,104, note 6.
The Philosophy of the Church Fathers, Volume 1 Faith, Trinity, Incarnation, by Harry Austryn Wolfson, 2nd Edition, Revised:
"Zahn casually remarks that Clement 'always makes a sharp distinction between the only uncreated God the Father and the Son or Logos who was begotten or created before the rest of creation.'...1. cf. Th. Zahn, "Supplementum Clementinium", (1884), 144, p. 204, 92
"It is undoubtably with reference to this "coming forth" of the Logos prior to the creation of the world that Clement speaks of the Logos as "firstborn" [protogonos] and of wisdom, which he idtentified with the Logos, as the "first-created" [protoktistos]...30 Strom. VI, Ibid. V. 14., ibid. p 209
cornerst writes: The word "firstborn" refers to a position of pre-eminence rather than a time of birth. Rights and privileges were usually bestowed upon the child who was born first, but those rights did not always go to him. Manasseh was the first one born, but Jacob (Israel) blessed Ephraim instead of Manasseh and gave him the position of first-born (Gen. 48:13-22). In Jeremiah 31:9, God declares Ephraim to be His first-born, even though Manasseh was born first.
The same is true with Jacob and Esau. Although Esau was the first one born, Jacob (whose name was change to Israel) received his brother's birthright and his father's blessing and became the first-born. The nation of Israel was named after him, and the Lord calls Israel His first-born (Ex. 4:22). Here again, first-born refers to rank and privilege. It means first in importance, not first in time. The nation of Israel was not the first-born of a woman and not even the first nation to exist. But God called it the first-born among all the nations. In the same way, Jesus is the first-born of all creation.
The "first-born of the poor" (Isa. 14:30) means "the poorest of the poor." The "first-born of death" (Job 18:13) means Job's disease was the most terrible of diseases. The "first-born" of the kings means the highest of the kings of the earth (Ps. 89:27). David (v.20) was the last one born in his family, but was called the firstborn. The "first-born of the dead" (Col. 1:18, Rev. 1:5) means that Jesus is pre-eminent over death.
Response: But how many of us know that the word PRWTOTOKOS is not used in Greek LXX in Job 18:13 and Isaiah 14:30? Let us look for examples where it is used mostly followed by the genitive like "of":
Verses used are from the English Translation of The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament by Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton, 1844, 1851.
LXX Genesis 4:4 And Abel also brought of the first born of his sheep
and of his fatlings, and God looked upon Abel and his gifts,
LXX Genesis 25:13 And these are the names of the sons of Ismael, according
to the names of their generations. The firstborn of Ismael, Nabaioth,
and Kedar, and Nabdeel, and Massam,
LXX Genesis 27:19 And Jacob said to his father, I, Esau thy
first-born, have done as thou toldest me; rise, sit, and eat of my
venison, that they soul may bless me.
LXX Genesis 35:23 The sons of Lea, the first-born of Jacob; Ruben,
Symeon, Levi, Judas, Issachar, Zabulon.
LXX Genesis 36:15 These are the chiefs of the son of Esau, even the sons of
Eliphas, the first-born of Esau; chief Thaeman, chief Omar, chief
Sophar, chief Kenez,
LXX Genesis 38:6 And Judas took a wife for Er his first-born, whose
name was Thamar.
LXX Genesis 38:7 And Er, the first-born of Judas, was wicked before
the Lord; and God killed him.
LXX Genesis 46:8 And these are the names of the sons of Israel that went
into Egypt with their father Jacob-- Jacob and his sons. The first-born
of Jacob, Ruben.
LXX Genesis 49:3 Ruben, thou art my first-born, thou my strength, and
the first of my children, hard to be endured, hard and self-willed.
LXX Exodus 4:22 And thou shalt say to Pharao, These things saith the Lord,
Israel is my first-born.
LXX Exodus 6:14 And these are the heads of the houses of their families: the
sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel; Enoch and Phallus, Asron, and
Charmi, this is the kindred of Ruben.
LXX Exodus 11:5 And every first-born in the land of Egypt shall die, from
the first-born of Pharao that sits on the throne, even to the
first-born of the woman-servant that is by the mill, and to the
first-born of all cattle.
LXX Exodus 12:29 And it came to pass at midnight that the Lord smote all the
first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharao that
sat on the throne, to the first-born of the captive-maid in the
dungeon, and the first-born of all cattle.
LXX Exodus 13:13 Every offspring opening the womb of the ass thou shalt
change for a sheep; and if thou wilt not change it, thou shalt redeem it:
every first-born of man of thy sons shalt thou redeem.
LXX Exodus 13:15 And when Pharao hardened his heart so as not to send us
away, he slew every first-born in the land of Egypt, both the first-born
of man and the first-born of beast; therefore do I sacrifice
every offspring that opens the womb, the males to the Lord, and every
first-born of my sons I will redeem.
LXX Exodus 22:29 Thou shalt not keep back the first-fruits of thy threshing
floor and press. The first-born of thy sons thou shalt give to me.
LXX Exodus 34:19 The males are mine, everything that opens the womb; every
first-born of oxen, and every first-born of sheep.
LXX Exodus 34:20 And the first-born of an ass thou shalt redeem with
a sheep, and if thou wilt not redeem it thou shalt pay a price: every
first-born of thy sons shalt thou redeem: thou shalt not appear
before me empty.
LXX Numbers 1:20 And the sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel
according to their kindreds, according to their divisions, according to the
houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according
to their heads, were-- all males from twenty years old and upward, every one
that went out with the host--
LXX Numbers 3:40 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Count every
first-born male of the children of Israel from a month old and upwards,
and take the number by name.
LXX Numbers 3:41 And thou shalt take the Levites for me-- I am the Lord--
instead of all the first-born of the sons of Israel, and the cattle
of the Levites instead of all the first-born among the cattle of the
children of Israel.
LXX Numbers 3:45 Take the Levites instead of all the first-born of the
sons of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle,
and the Levites shall be mine; I am the Lord.
LXX Numbers 3:46 And for the ransoms of the two hundred and seventy-three
which exceed the Levites in number of the first-born of the sons of
Israel;
LXX Numbers 3:50 He took the silver from the first-born of the sons of
Israel, a thousand three hundred and sixty-five shekels, according to
the holy shekel.
LXX Numbers 8:16 For these are given to me for a present out of the midst of
the children of Israel: I have taken them to myself instead of all the
first-born of the sons of Israel that open every womb.
LXX Numbers 8:17 For every first-born among the children of Israel is
mine, whether of man or beast: in the day in which I smote every
first-born in the land of Egypt, I sanctified them to myself.
LXX Numbers 18:15 And every thing that opens the womb of all flesh,
whatsoever they bring to the Lord, whether man or beast, shall be thine:
only the first-born of men shall be surely redeemed, and thou shalt
redeem the first-born of unclean cattle.
LXX Numbers 18:17 But thou shalt not redeem the first-born of calves
and the first-born of sheep and the first-born of goats;
they are holy: and thou shalt pour their blood upon the altar, and thou
shalt offer the fat as a burnt-offering for a smell of sweet savour to the
Lord.
LXX Numbers 26:5 Ruben was the first-born of Israel: and the sons of
ruben, Enoch, and the family of Enoch; to Phallu belongs the family of the
Phalluites.
LXX Deuteronomy 12:6 And ye shall carry thither your whole-burnt-offerings,
and your sacrifices, and your first-fruits, and your vowed-offerings, and
your freewill-offerings, and your offerings of thanksgiving, the
first-born of your herds, and of your flocks.
LXX Deuteronomy 12:17 Thou shalt not be able to eat in thy cities the tithe
of thy corn, and of thy wine, and of thine oil, the first-born of thine
herd and of thy flock, and all your vows as many as ye shall have
vowed, and your thank-offerings, and the first-fruits of thine hands.
LXX Deuteronomy 14:23 And thou shalt eat it in the place which the Lord thy
God shall choose to have his name called there; ye shall bring the tithe of
thy corn and of thy wine, and of thine oil, the first-born of thy herd
and of thy flock, that thou mayest learn to fear the Lord thy God
always.
LXX Deuteronomy 15:19 Every first-born that shall be born among thy kine and
thy sheep, thou shalt sanctify the males to the Lord thy God; thou shalt not
work with thy first-born calf, and thou shalt not shear the first-born of
thy sheep.
LXX Deuteronomy 33:17 His beauty is as the firstling of his bull, his
horns are the horns of a unicorn; with them he shall thrust the nations at
once, even from the end of the earth: these are the ten thousands of
Ephraim, and these are the thousands of Manasse.
LXX Joshua 6:26 And Joshua adjured them on that day before the Lord, saying,
Cursed be the man who shall build that city: he shall lay the foundation of
it in his first-born, and he shall set up the gates of it in his
youngest son. And so did Hozan of Baethel; he laid the foundation in Abiron
his first-born, and set up the gates of it in his youngest surviving son.
LXX Joshua 17:1 And the borders of the tribe of the children of Manasse,
(for he was the first-born of Joseph) assigned to Machir the
firstborn of Manasse the father of Galaad, for he was a warrior, were
in the land of Galaad and of Basan.
LXX 2 Samuel 3:2 And sons were born to David in Chebron: and his
first-born was Ammon the son of Achinoom the Jezraelitess.
LXX 2 Samuel 13:21 And king David heard of all these things, and was very
angry; but he did not grieve the spirit of his son Amnon, because be loved
him, for he was his first-born.
LXX 1 Kings 16:34 And in his days Achiel the Baethelite built Jericho; he
laid the foundation of it in Abiron his first-born, and he set up the
doors of it in Segub his younger son, according to the word of the Lord
which he spoke by Joshua the son of Naue.
LXX 1 Chronicles 1:29 And these are their generations: the first-born of
Ismael, Nabaeoth, and Kedar, Nabdeel, Massam,
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:3 The sons of Juda; Er, Aunan, Selom. These three were
born to him of the daughter of Sava the Chananitish woman: and Er, the
first-born of Juda, was wicked before the Lord, and he slew him.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:13 And Jessae begot his first-born Eliab, Aminadab
was the second, Samaa the third,
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:25 And the sons of Jerameel the first-born of Esron
were, the first-born Ram, and Banaa, and Aram, and Asan his brother.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:27 And the sons of Ram the first-born of Jerameel
were Maas, and Jamin, and Acor.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:42 And the sons of Chaleb the brother of Jerameel were,
Marisa his first-born, he is the father of Ziph:-- and the sons of
Marisa the father of Chebron.
LXX 1 Chronicles 2:50 These were the sons of Chaleb: the sons of Or the
first-born of Ephratha; Sobal the father of Cariathiarim,
LXX 1 Chronicles 3:15 And the sons of Josia; the first-born Joanan,
the second Joakim, the third Sedekias, the fourth Salum.
LXX 1 Chronicles 4:4 And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Jazer the father
of Osan: these are the sons of Or, the first-born of Ephratha, the
father of Baethalaen.
LXX 1 Chronicles 5:1 And the sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel
(for he was the first-born; but because of his going up to his father's
couch, his father gave his blessing to his son Joseph, even the son Israel;
and he was not reckoned as first-born;
LXX 1 Chronicles 5:3 The sons of Ruben the first-born of Israel;
Enoch, and Phallus, Asrom, and Charmi.
LXX 1 Chronicles 6:28 The sons of Samuel; the first-born Sani, and
Abia.
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:1 Now Benjamin begot Bale his first-born, and
Asbel his second son, Aara the third, Noa the fourth,
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:30 And her first-born son was Abdon, and Sur, and
Kis, and Baal, and Nadab, and Ner,
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:38 And Esel had six sons, and these were their name;
Ezricam his first-born, and Ismael, and Saraia, and Abdia, and Anan,
and Asa: all these were the sons of Esel.
LXX 1 Chronicles 8:39 And the sons of Asel his brother; AElam his
first-born, and Jas the second, and Eliphalet the third.
LXX 1 Chronicles 9:5 And of the Selonites; Asaia his first-born, and
his sons.
LXX 1 Chronicles 9:36 And his first-born son was Abdon, and he had
Sur, and Kis, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab,
LXX 1 Chronicles 9:44 And Esel had six sons, and these were their names;
Esricam his first-born, and Ismael, and Saraia, and Abdia, and Anan,
and Asa: these were the sons of Esel.
LXX 1 Chronicles 26:6 And to Samaias his son were born the sons of his
first-born, chiefs over the house of their father, for they were mighty.
LXX Nehemiah 10:36 the first-born of our sons, and of our
cattle, as it is written in the law, and the first-born of our herds
and of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, for the
priests that minister in the house of our God.
LXX Psalm 135:8 Who smote the first-born of Egypt, both man and
beast.
LXX Psalm 136:10 To him who smote Egypt with their first-born; for
his mercy endures for ever.
LXX Jeremiah 31:9 (38:9) They went forth with weeping, and I will bring them
back with consolation, causing them to lodge by the channels of waters in a
straight way, and they shall not err in it: for I am become a father to
Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born.
LXX Micah 6:7 Will the Lord accept thousands of rams, or ten thousands of
fat goats? should I give my first-born for ungodliness, the fruit of
my body for the sin of my soul?
As you can see there are many examples of the firstborn[PRWTOTOKOS] as a separate, subordinate, and most of the time the actual FIRST BORN member of a family.
It should be noted too, that Jesus, unlike Ephraim, Jacob and Israel, was never GIVEN the title of "firstborn". He was simply spoken of as firstborn in the temporal sense in passages like the ones at Col. 1:15, 18, Heb. 1:6, Rev. 1:5 and Romans 8:29.
When this changes, "the firstborn of" is used as part of a group. If it is "the firstborn of" Israel(Ex. 6:14), it is one of the sons of Israel, if it is "the firstborn of" Pharoah(Ex. 11:5) it is a member of the house of Pharoah, if it is "the firstborn of" beasts(Ex. 13:15) then it is an animal also. Why then should this rule be changed as it applies to "the firstborn of" creation? Obviously Jesus is a created being, as he was historically always thought to be the Wisdom of Proverbs. Is this a stretch?
"She [Wisdom] is God's associate in his works, and his agent in making all things (Prov 8:22-30; see also Jn 1:3; Col 1:16; Heb 1:2)." footnote at Wisdom 8:2-21 in the New Oxford Annotated Bible-NRSV
"The doctrine of wisdom, thus outlined in the OT, will be resumed in the NT which will give it new and decisive completion by applying it to the person of Christ
Jesus is referred to as Wisdom itself, the Wisdom of God, Mt 11:19 par.; Lk 11:49, cf. Mt 23:34-36; 1 Co 1:24-30; like Wisdom, he participates in the creation and preservation of the world, Col 1:16-17, and the protection of Israel, 1Co 10:4, cf. Ws 10:17seq.
Finally, John in his prologue attributes the characteristics of creative Wisdom to the
Word, and his gospel throughout represents Christ as the Wisdom of God. See Jn 6:35t.
Hence, Christian tradition from St Justin onwards sees in the Wisdom of the OT the
person of Christ himself." footnote New Jerusalem Bible at Prov 8.
Why is this damaging to Trinitarians? Because Wisdom was created!
"He created me from the beginning, before the world, and I shall never cease."Sirach24:9
The Interpreter's Bible [p.830] says of Prov 8:22: "The verb QANAH may be translated either way. In view of the statements made in the following verses concerning wisdom, it would seem that the RSV translates correctly; cf. also the following quotations from Ecclesiasticus:
Wisdom was created before them all,
And sound intelligence from eternity (Ecclus 1:4)
The Lord himself created her (Ecclus 1:9
Then the Creator of all gave me his command;
And he who created me made my tent rest (Ecclus 24:8 AT)."
Also see Proverbs 8:22 NRSV, "The LORD created me at the beginning of his work."
"The LORD formed me as the first of his works, the beginning of
his deeds of old." Smith&Goodspeed
cornerst writes:The New World Translation adds the word "other" four times, which is not in the Greek. They add to Scripture to make it look like Jesus was the first-created thing among God's creation. According to Jehovah's Witnesses, God created Jesus and then Jesus created all other things. This mistranslation of Col. 1:16-17 presents a problem for the Jehovah's Witnesses. Isaiah 44:24 says, "Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, and the one who formed you from the womb, 'I, the LORD, am the maker of all things, stretching out the heavens by Myself, and spreading out the earth all alone'". How is it possible for the LORD (Jehovah) to stretch out the heavens alone and yet Jesus, "the first created thing," be the one who did it? They can't both be true. Jesus is not the created, but the Creator (John 1:3,10, Heb. 1:10, Col. 1:16).
Response: Well let us see if John 1:3,10, Heb. 1:10, Col. 1:16 picture Jesus as the creator.
"And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning didst lay the foundation of the earth, And the heavens are the works of thy hands". Heb. 1:10 ASV
In Hebrews 1:10-12 the apostle Paul uses a scripture earlier applied to Jehovah in Ps. 102. Does that make them the same person? No! For instance verse 8 says, "But of the Son [he saith,]
Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever; And the sceptre of uprightness is the sceptre of thy kingdom." These words were earlier applied to King Solomon in Ps. 45:6 (see also 2Sam. 7:14). Is King Solomon the same person as Jesus? No! Jesus is simply doing a work earlier prefigured by Solomon, also sharing some of the qualities of Solomon, such as wisdom. So when it comes to Jehovah in Ps. 102 the writer here attributes these qualities to Jesus Christ, because Jesus is the one whom God used in the work of creation and to whom he has now committed all authority "in heaven and on the earth." (Matt. 28:18; Col. 1:15-17) Jesus represents the God that no one has ever seen to us fully in all his qualities and actions.(John 1:18)
Psalm 22, attributed to David, relates, partly in figurative language, some of the sufferings of Christ. (Compare Psalm 22:1 with Mark 15:34; also compare the entire psalm with the four gospel accounts of Jesus' trial and impalement.) Are Jesus and David the same person? No! A scripture in Matthew 2:15 applies to Jesus, but the earlier reference in Hosea 11:1 applies to Israel. Does than make them the same? No! There is a prophecy about Elijah in Malachi 4:5 that is applied to John the Baptist in Matthew 17:12,13; 11:14. Is John the Baptist really Elijah? No! They just did a similar work. I think you get the point. For more on this verse, click here.
"John 1:3 All things were made through him; and without him was not anything made
that hath been made. {1:10} He was in the world, and the world was made
through him, and the world knew him not." ASV
In looking at the Greek word here for "apart from" CWRIS, Thayer's Greek Lexicon says of its occurence in John 1:3 "without the intervention (participation or co-operation) of one."
In this way, the Bible in Living English handles it superbly, "Everything was made by his agency." Jn 1:3
Even Origen acknowledged this, "And the apostle Paul says in his epistle to the Hebrews: 'At the end of the days He spoke to us in his Son, whom He made heir of all things, 'through whom' also He made the ages, " showing us that God made the ages through His Son, the 'through whom' belonging, when the ages were made to the Only-begotten. Thus if all things were made, as in this passage also, THROUGH [DIA] the Logos, then they were not made by the Logos, but by a stronger and greater than He. And who else could this but the Father?"
Origen's Commentary on John, ANF 10, Book 2, chap. 6, p. 328
This scripture ties into the next one at Colossians 1:16. As we can see, the world was made "through him". We have already seen that Wisdom was created, but he was also with him at creation. "When he marked out the foundations of the earth; Then I was beside him, like a master workman; And I was daily his delight, rejoicing before him always." Prov. 8:29, 30 RSV
The bible tells us that the angels were there too:"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? Declare, if thou hast understanding....When the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy? Job 38:4,7 ASV But as we can see from Proverbs, Wisdom/Jesus shared a special relationship with his God Jehovah.
Col 1:16 "for in him were all things created, in the heavens and upon the earth,
things visible and things invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers; all things have been created through him, and unto him" ASV
Again we see that all things were "created thru him". This is only right, after all the Bible says: "For there is one God, one mediator also between God and men, [himself] man, Christ Jesus." 1 Tim. 2:5 ASV Now a mediator cannot be the person he is mediating for. For instance Moses is also called a mediator at Gal. 3:19. Moses, like Jesus, shared a special relationship with God. Both were even called by the respectful title "god", (Ex. 7:1; John 1:1) though Jesus is mightier than Moses. (Is. 9:6)
But let us expand further. Let us look at Hebrews 1:
"In the past God spoke to our ancestors many times and in many ways through the prophets, {1:2} but in these last days he has spoken to us through his Son. He is the one through whom God created the universe." TEV
In verse 1, God spoke. The prophets were intermediate agents (Greek: EN).
God uses agents to carry out his will.
In verse 2, God spoke, but just like the prophets, the Son was an intermediate agent (Greek: EN).
For example, Col 1:16 does not teach that Jesus is the almighty creator. Rather, it uses same Greek preposition EN which is used of the Son with an active source in the context (like the Father in vss. 12 and 13). The Father redeems "BY/IN/THROUGH" (Greek: EN) the Son. The Father creates "BY/IN/THROUGH" (Greek: EN) the Son. Since the Father creates "BY/IN/THROUGH" Son as agent, it is necessary that the creation of the Son was a special case. That is why Paul explicitly says that the Son is the "firstborn of" all creation ( PRWTOTOKOS), the "first-begotten of all creatures" Tyndale. Tyndale also refers to Jesus in Rev. 3:14 as the "beginning of the creatures of God."
In John 1:3 it is clear that agency is intended since DIA is used with a passive verb, or created "THROUGH" (not "by") the Word. That "through" is the clear meaning and not "by" is made explicitly clear by Paul when he said of the relationship between God and Christ in 1 Cor 8:5,6: "One God, the Father, out of (Greek: EK) whom all things are, and we unto him; and one lord, Jesus Christ "through" (Greek: DIA) whom all things are, and we through him. "
When you consider all the times that God and Christ Jesus are mentioned in Colossians, the Spirit is mentioned a scant 2 times. Hardly a Trinity! "You simply simply cannot find the doctrine of the Trinity set out anywhere in the Bible. St Paul has the highest view of Jesus' role and person, but nowhere does he call him God. Nor does Jesus himself explicitly claim to be the second person of the Trinity, wholly equal to his heavenly Father." -- For Christ's Sake by Tom Harpur (Anglican Priest).
It should be noted that Trinitarians do not beleive that Jesus is the Father. They believe that the Father is God, and that the Son, Jesus, is equally God. Yet they are not the same, but at the same time they are not plural, but one. So when trinitarians say that Jesus is God, they don't really mean that. What they mean is that Jesus is God the Son, the second person of a consubstantial Trinity. A phrase that is never used in the Bible!
cornerst writes: The New World Translation adds the word "other" four times, which is not in the Greek.
Response: Now let's look at the insertion of the word "other" in the New World Translation at
Colossians chapter 1. We are going to start of by looking at some other scriptures where this is
done.
Luke 21:29
"Look at the fig tree, and all the trees." Revised Standard Version (RSV)
"Think of the fig tree and all the other trees." Good News Bible (TEV)
"Consider the fig tree and all the other trees." New American Bible(NAB)
Luke 11:42
"and every herb." Revised Version(RV)
"and of every [other] vegetables." NWT
"and all the other herbs." TEV
"and all other kinds of garden herbs." New International Version
In both these instances the word "other" was not in the original text, but translators felt a need
to put it in there. Can they do that even without brackets?
"A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other early Chrisitian Literature" by F. Blass and
A. Debrunner states that it is not uncommon for the greek to omit the word "other".
The book Theology and Bias in Bible Translations by Professor Rolf Furuli when talking about
the word "other" in the Col. 1:16 in the NWT says, "This means that the brackets that NWT uses
around OTHER may be removed, because the word OTHER is no addition or interpolation, but
in a given context it is a legitimate part of PAS."
Have you ever noticed all those words in italics in the King James Version and the New American Standard Version? Those are words that are not in the original text, yet there are thousands of them.
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