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Sunday 3 August 2014

Habakkuk NWT(2013 edition)

1 A pronouncement that Ha·bak′kuk* the prophet received in a vision:
 How long, O Jehovah, must I cry for help, but you do not hear?+
How long must I ask for help from violence, but you do not intervene?*+
 Why do you make me witness wrongdoing?
And why do you tolerate oppression?
Why are destruction and violence before me?
And why do quarreling and conflict abound?
 So law is paralyzed,
And justice is never carried out.
For the wicked surround the righteous;
That is why justice is perverted.+
 “Look among the nations and pay attention!
Stare in amazement and be astounded;
For something will happen in your days
That you will not believe even if it is told to you.+
 For here I am raising up the Chal·de′ans,+
The ruthless and impetuous nation.
They sweep through vast stretches of the earth
To seize homes not theirs.+
 They are frightening and fearsome.
They establish their own justice and authority.*+
 Their horses are swifter than leopards,
And they are fiercer than wolves in the night.+
Their warhorses gallop forward;
Their horses come from far away.
They swoop down like the eagle rushing to feed.+
 All of them come bent on violence.+
The assembling of their faces is like the east wind,+
And they scoop up captives like sand.
10 They scoff at kings
And laugh at high officials.+
They laugh at every fortified place;+
They pile up a dirt ramp and capture it.
11 Then they move forward like the wind and pass through,
But they will become guilty,+
Because they credit their power to their god.”*+
12 Are you not from everlasting, O Jehovah?+
O my God, my Holy One, you do not die.*+
O Jehovah, you appointed them to execute judgment;
My Rock,+ you established them for punishment.*+
13 Your eyes are too pure to look on what is evil,
And you cannot tolerate wickedness.+
Why, then, do you tolerate the treacherous+
And keep silent when a wicked man swallows up someone more righteous than he is?+
14 Why do you make man like the fish of the sea,
Like creeping things that have no ruler?
15 All of these he* hauls up with a fishhook.
He catches them in his dragnet,
And he gathers them in his fishing net.
That is why he rejoices greatly.+
16 That is why he offers sacrifices to his dragnet
And makes sacrifices* to his fishing net;
For by them his portion is rich,*
And his food is choice.
17 Will he then keep emptying out his dragnet?*
Will he go on slaughtering nations without compassion?+


At my guardpost I will keep standing,+
And I will station myself on the rampart.
I will keep watch to see what he will speak by means of me
And what I will reply when I am reproved.
 Jehovah then answered me:
“Write down the vision, and inscribe it clearly on tablets,+
So that the one reading aloud from it may do so easily.*+
 For the vision is yet for its appointed time,
And it is rushing toward its end,* and it will not lie.
Even if it should delay,* keep in expectation of it!*+
For it will without fail come true.
It will not be late!
 Look at the one who is proud;*
He is not upright within himself.
But the righteous one will live by his faithfulness.*+
 Indeed, because the wine is treacherous,
The arrogant man will not reach his goal.
He makes his appetite* as large as the Grave;*
He is like death and cannot be satisfied.
He keeps gathering all the nations
And collecting for himself all the peoples.+
 Will not all of these speak a proverb, an allusion, and riddles against him?+
They will say:
‘Woe to him who accumulates what is not his
—For how long?—
And who makes even greater his own debt!
 Will not your creditors rise up suddenly?
They will wake up and violently shake you,
And you will become something for them to plunder.+
 Because you plundered many nations,
All the rest of the peoples will plunder you,+
Because of your shedding men’s blood
And your violence to the earth,
To the cities and those living in them.+
 Woe to the one who makes evil gain for his house,
So as to set his nest on the height,
To escape the grasp of calamity!
10 You have plotted shame against your house.
By wiping out many peoples you sin against yourself.*+
11 For a stone will cry out from the wall,
And from the woodwork a rafter will answer it.
12 Woe to the one who builds a city by bloodshed,
And who establishes a town by unrighteousness!
13 Look! Is it not from Jehovah of armies that peoples will work hard to feed the fire,
And that nations tire themselves out for nothing?+
14 For the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Jehovah
As the waters cover the sea.+
15 Woe to the one who gives his companions something to drink,
Adding to it rage and anger, to make them drunk,
In order to look on their nakedness!
16 You will be glutted with dishonor rather than glory.
You too—drink and expose your uncircumcised condition.*
The cup in the right hand of Jehovah will come around to you,+
And disgrace will cover over your glory;
17 For the violence done to Leb′a·non will cover you,
And the destruction that terrified the beasts will come upon you,
Because of your shedding men’s blood
And your violence to the earth,
To the cities and those living in them.+
18 Of what benefit is a carved image
When its maker has carved it?
Of what benefit is a metal statue* and a teacher of lies,
Even though its maker trusts in it,
Making worthless gods that are speechless?+
19 Woe to the one who says to a piece of wood, “Awake!”
Or to a speechless stone, “Wake up! Instruct us!”
Look! It is overlaid in gold and silver,+
And there is no breath at all within it.+
20 But Jehovah is in his holy temple.+
Be silent before him, all the earth!’”+



3 The prayer of Ha·bak′kuk the prophet, in dirges:*
 O Jehovah, I have heard the report about you.
I am in awe, O Jehovah, of your activity.
In the midst of the years* bring it to life!
In the midst of the years* make it known.
May you remember to show mercy during the turmoil.+
 God came from Te′man,
The Holy One from Mount Pa′ran.+ (Selah)*
His majesty covered the heavens;+
With his praise the earth was filled.
 His brightness was like the light.+
Two rays flashed from his hand,
Where his strength was hidden.
 Before him went pestilence,+
And burning fever followed at his feet.
 He stood still and shook the earth.+
With a look, he made nations leap.+
The eternal mountains were smashed,
And the ancient hills bowed down.+
The paths of long ago are his.
 I saw trouble in the tents of Cu′shan.
The tent cloths of the land of Mid′i·an trembled.+
 Is it against the rivers, O Jehovah,
Is it against the rivers that your anger is burning?
Or is your fury against the sea?+
For you rode on your horses;+
Your chariots were victorious.*+
 Your bow is uncovered and ready.
The rods* are assigned with an oath.* (Selah)
You split the earth with rivers.
10 Mountains writhed in pain at the sight of you.+
A downpour of waters swept through.
The deep roared with its voice.+
It lifted its hands high.
11 Sun and moon stood still in their lofty abode.+
Your arrows went out like the light.+
The lightning of your spear was brilliant.
12 You marched through the earth with indignation.
You trampled* the nations in anger.
13 You went out for the salvation of your people, to save your anointed one.
You crushed the leader* of the house of the wicked.
It was exposed from the foundation to the top.* (Selah)
14 You pierced the head of his warriors with his own weapons*
When they stormed out to scatter me.
They were overjoyed to devour an afflicted one in secret.
15 Through the sea you trod with your horses,
Through the surging of vast waters.
16 I heard and I trembled within;*
At the sound my lips quivered.
Rottenness entered my bones;+
My legs beneath me were shaking.
But I quietly wait for the day of distress,+
For it is coming upon the people who attack us.
17 Although the fig tree may not blossom,
And there may be no fruit on the vines;
Although the olive crop may fail,
And the fields* may produce no food;
Although the flock may disappear from the pen,
And there may be no cattle in the stalls;
18 Yet, as for me, I will exult in Jehovah;
I will be joyful in the God of my salvation.+
19 The Sovereign Lord Jehovah is my strength;+
He will make my feet like those of a deer
And cause me to tread on high places.+

Exploring the limits of self-organisation.

Friday 1 August 2014

fear itself IV



The look of a Lamb/The voice of a dragon.











Revelation13:11NWT(2013 edition) "Then I saw another wild beast ascending out of the earth, and it had two horns like a lamb, but it began speaking like a dragon."

Monday 28 July 2014

Apparently if you're a Darwin sceptic,even when you're right you're wrong

A Pretty Sharp Edge: Reflecting on Michael Behe's Vindication                       

Ann Gauger July 28, 2014 3:59 AM





I am writing a post that shouldn't have to be written. It's about Dr. Michael Behe's book The Edge of Evolution, what it predicted, how that prediction was confirmed, and how his detractors continue to quibble and obfuscate, claiming that even if he was right he was still somehow wrong. That's not the way scientists are supposed to operate.
behe1.jpg
In science, theory that explains data and makes a prediction that is experimentally verified is considered to be confirmed. That's the way it is supposed to work. Einstein's general theory of relativity, Mendeleev's periodic table, and many other theories have been verified this way.

Now let's look at Behe's theory. Malaria is a devastating disease caused by the parasiteP. falciparum. These parasites are quick to develop resistance to most drugs, but they have had a hard time overcoming chloroquine, requiring more than ten years to develop resistance. In fact, sixty years since the drug's introduction, and after more than 1020malarial parasites total, resistance to chloroquine has developed fewer than ten times. Why?
In The Edge of Evolution, Behe proposed an answer. His explanation -- his hypothesis, if you will -- is simple. The mutation rate of P. falciparum is roughly 1 in 108 mutations per base pair per parasite. There are on average 1012 parasites in the human body -- that's enough for more than a thousand copies of every possible single mutation to exist somewhere in each infected person. So if resistance required only one mutation, it should have appeared in a few days. However, it took more than a decade for resistance to emerge. Behe argued that therefore at least two mutationsmust be required for the parasite to develop resistance to chloroquine. Furthermore, those two mutations must each be of no use as single mutations, and those two mutations must be present together in the same organism in order to confer resistance to the drug.
Why did Behe make these predictions? It's a simple calculation, really. If two simultaneous mutations are required for resistance, the rate of that double mutation occurring can be calculated by multiplying the single rates together. That makes the rate for two mutations roughly 1 in 1016 mutations per base pair per parasite. To find those two mutations would require many more trials than are available among the 1012 parasites in each person infected. However, 1020parasites (the total present in a single year) represent more than enough opportunity for that double mutation to occur.
His critics focus on Behe's use of the word "simultaneous." Getting two simultaneous mutations is ridiculous, they say, and so multiplying two rates together is ridiculous. 
Maybe the two mutations happened simultaneously, meaning together in the same molecule in one generation. It is possible. Maybe the mutations happened one at a time. We don't know. Parasites carrying single mutations on the path to resistance (meaning they have no resistance yet) are sickly, though, because those single mutations have damaged an essential function. They and their offspring might survive and reproduce long enough for a second mutation to occur, but it seems unlikely. Most of the time they will simply be out-competed by their non-mutant siblings.
Another critique Behe's opponents offer is that Behe just doesn't understand evolution. Theremust be some cumulative adaptive path that would take the parasite to drug resistance. In support they offer Joe Thornton's work with hormone receptors, where his lab evolved a hormone receptor from its "ancestral" form by a series of selective steps. Thus there can't be an edge to evolution as sharp as just two mutations, they say. What the critics don't say is that the first step is not a selectable step. It's a gully across the road to new function that must be crossed by jumping.
The same is true about the path to chloroquine resistance. First of all, common sense says if there were a selective path with each mutation conferring increasing resistance, it would happen quickly, much more quickly than in a decade. But more importantly, a recent paper by Summers et al. has shown by experiment that two mutations, neither of them conferring any resistance by themselves, are the first steps of chloroquine resistance. (One mutation is required by all pathways; then either of two other mutations can be used to bring about resistance.) This is a more like a canyon than a gully. Two mutations must be present together in the same molecule to confer resistance to chloroquine. Call it "occurring simultaneously" or not. The effect is the same, and Behe is right and his critics are wrong. 
Ironically, recent work has shown the same thing with regard to hormone receptors. Carroll et al.(2011) reported that at the base of the pathway to evolve the ancient hormone receptor there are two mutations (a gene duplication plus point mutation) that must occur before any further evolution is possible. Harms and Thornton then showed that these mutations are the only way forward. There is no other road to take, no way around the canyon. It sounds remarkably like the malarial resistance pathway, doesn't it?
So how sharp is the edge of evolution? For the malarial parasite P. falciparum, the edge of evolution for chloroquine resistance is two mutations: one specific mutation and either one of two other mutations. These mutations have to occur together, and they have to be there before any other mutations can have any effect. If the parasite doesn't have these two mutations, it remains chloroquine-sensitive. But as we have seen, getting two mutations can take a long time. It happens relatively quickly for malaria because of its huge population size. For us and other animals it may take an extremely long time.
That sounds like a pretty sharp edge of evolution to me.
Behe predicted this requirement for two mutations seven years ago. All continuing criticism now sounds like sniping and quibbling over terminology. Maybe those quibbling and sniping can't see they are wrong. Maybe they don't understand how science works and what counts as evidence. Or, and this is more likely, they will never admit that Behe is right and they are wrong.